为什么是MariaDB，为什么是Galera，为什么是Debian，这些闲话都不说了，直入正题。
本文参考资料：AskMonty KB。
- 在两台机器上分别安装MariaDB Galera Cluster，可以使用两个虚拟机，互相之间IP可以ping通即可。
由于apt-get是如此好用，因此请保证你的Debian可以联网，然后执行：
# apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 0xcbcb082a1bb943db # cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ --创建MariaDB.list文件 # vi MariaDB.list --添加如下内容 # MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-04-25 09:13 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ deb http://mirrors.fe.up.pt/pub/mariadb/repo/5.5/debian squeeze main deb-src http://mirrors.fe.up.pt/pub/mariadb/repo/5.5/debian squeeze main --更新apt资源 # apt-get update # apt-cache search mariadb libmariadbclient-dev - MariaDB database development files libmariadbclient18 - MariaDB database client library libmariadbd-dev - MariaDB embedded database development files libmysqlclient18 - Virtual package to satisfy external depends mariadb-client - MariaDB database client (metapackage depending on the latest version) mariadb-client-5.5 - MariaDB database client binaries mariadb-client-core-5.5 - MariaDB database core client binaries mariadb-common - MariaDB database common files (e.g. /etc/mysql/conf.d/mariadb.cnf) mariadb-galera-server - MariaDB database server with Galera cluster mariadb-galera-server-5.5 - MariaDB database server with Galera cluster binaries mariadb-server - MariaDB database server (metapackage depending on the latest version) mariadb-server-5.5 - MariaDB database server binaries mariadb-server-core-5.5 - MariaDB database core server files mariadb-test - MariaDB database regression test suite (metapackage depending on the latest version) mariadb-test-5.5 - MariaDB database regression test suite mysql-common - MariaDB database common files (e.g. /etc/mysql/my.cnf) --只需要安装mariadb-galera-server即可，注意，会自动卸载Debian中预装的MySQL 5.1 # apt-get install mariadb-galera-server Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: galera libaio1 libmariadbclient18 libmysqlclient18 mariadb-client-5.5 mariadb-client-core-5.5 mariadb-common mariadb-galera-server-5.5 Suggested packages: tinyca mariadb-test The following packages will be REMOVED: mysql-client-5.1 mysql-server mysql-server-5.1 mysql-server-core-5.1 The following NEW packages will be installed: galera libaio1 libmariadbclient18 libmysqlclient18 mariadb-client-5.5 mariadb-client-core-5.5 mariadb-common mariadb-galera-server mariadb-galera-server-5.5 0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 4 to remove and 46 not upgraded. Need to get 32.3 MB of archives. After this operation, 55.2 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]?
- 修改my.cnf文件，修改或者添加如下行，在两个节点中都修改。
# vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf wsrep_cluster_name = my_test_cluster wsrep_node_name = debian wsrep_provider = /usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so wsrep_sst_method = mysqldump binlog_format=ROW default_storage_engine=InnoDB innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2 innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1 --注意，默认配置MariiaDB只监听localhost，因此需要修改bind-address参数 第一个节点：bind-address = 192.168.1.108 第二个节点：bind-address = 192.168.1.109
- 启动第一个节点
--如果之前数据库已经启动，可以先关闭 # /etc/init.d/mysql stop --启动MariaDB Galera Cluster # /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm:// > /dev/null 2>&1 &
- 启动第二个节点
--其中192.168.1.108是第一个节点MariaDB的监听IP # /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.1.108 > /dev/null 2>&1 &
- 检查整个Cluster状态
--随便登入任何一台机器的MariaDB# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> show status like 'wsrep%'; +----------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------------+---------------------------------------+ | wsrep_local_state_uuid | 5947fd92-adb9-11e2-0800-8d35ba835f31 | | wsrep_protocol_version | 4 | | wsrep_last_committed | 9 | | wsrep_replicated | 0 | | wsrep_replicated_bytes | 0 | | wsrep_received | 2 | | wsrep_received_bytes | 198 | | wsrep_local_commits | 0 | | wsrep_local_cert_failures | 0 | | wsrep_local_bf_aborts | 0 | | wsrep_local_replays | 0 | | wsrep_local_send_queue | 0 | | wsrep_local_send_queue_avg | 0.000000 | | wsrep_local_recv_queue | 0 | | wsrep_local_recv_queue_avg | 0.000000 | | wsrep_flow_control_paused | 0.000000 | | wsrep_flow_control_sent | 0 | | wsrep_flow_control_recv | 0 | | wsrep_cert_deps_distance | 0.000000 | | wsrep_apply_oooe | 0.000000 | | wsrep_apply_oool | 0.000000 | | wsrep_apply_window | 0.000000 | | wsrep_commit_oooe | 0.000000 | | wsrep_commit_oool | 0.000000 | | wsrep_commit_window | 0.000000 | | wsrep_local_state | 4 | | wsrep_local_state_comment | Synced | | wsrep_cert_index_size | 0 | | wsrep_causal_reads | 0 | | wsrep_incoming_addresses | 192.168.1.108:3306,192.168.1.109:3306 | | wsrep_cluster_conf_id | 6 | | wsrep_cluster_size | 2 | | wsrep_cluster_state_uuid | 5947fd92-adb9-11e2-0800-8d35ba835f31 | | wsrep_cluster_status | Primary | | wsrep_connected | ON | | wsrep_local_index | 0 | | wsrep_provider_name | Galera | | wsrep_provider_vendor | Codership Oy | | wsrep_provider_version | 23.2.4(r147) | | wsrep_ready | ON | +----------------------------+---------------------------------------+ 40 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 测试双活读写
--任选一个节点创建数据库，创建表，插入数据
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS my_db default charset utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> connect my_db
Connection id: 8
Current database: my_db
MariaDB [my_db]> create table my_table (name varchar(20) not null default '') default charset utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [my_db]> insert into my_table values('enmotech');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
--在另一个节点查询并更新
MariaDB [my_db]> select * from my_table;
+----------+
| name |
+----------+
| enmotech |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [my_db]> update my_table set name='enmotech_mysql' where name='enmotech';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
--在之前的节点查询
MariaDB [my_db]> select * from my_table;
+----------------+
| name |
+----------------+
| enmotech_mysql |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
本文仅仅是最简单的安装及功能测试，不论健壮性、高效性、容错性如何，至少这种双活数据库的配置比起Oracle的任何一种解决方案都简单。
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